Efecto insecticida de cuatro aceites esenciales sobre adultos de Aedes aegypti y Anopheles albimanus en condiciones experimentales

Estrella Cárdenas Castro, Isabel Riveros Toledo, Ligia Lugo Vargas

Resumen


El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la toxicidad sobre hembras adultas de los mosquitos Aedes aegypti yAnopheles albimanus, de cuatro aceites esenciales extraídos de las siguientes especies de plantas: Cymbopogoncitratus, Cymbopogon nardus, Eucalyptus globulus y Eugenia caryophyllata. Las pruebas se realizaron con mosquitosadultos de las colonias de referencia del Laboratorio de Entomología del Instituto Nacional de Salud de Bogotá.Con cada uno de los aceites esenciales se prepararon concentraciones de: 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 y 2,5 % v/v. Se utilizóel programa BioStat para realizar el análisis Probit y la estimación de la CL50 y CL90. La CL50 de los aceitesesenciales de C. citratus y C. nardus fue 1,07 % para Ae. aegypti; mientras que para An. albimanus fue 0,7 % y 1,86% respectivamente. La CL90 de C. citratus y C. nardus fue respectivamente 2,01 % y 1,96 % para Ae. Aegypti y 1,3% y 1,86 % para An. albimanus. El aceite esencial de Eucalyptus globulus mostró ser más efectivo contra adultos deAn. albimanus. El aceite esencial de Eugenia caryophillata no mostró efectividad contra ninguna de las dos especiesde mosquitos. En conclusión, los aceites esenciales de C. citratus y C. nardus mostraron ser más efectivos contraadultos de Ae. aegypti y An. albimanus.


Palabras clave


Aceites esenciales, Aedes aegypti, Anopheles albimanus, insecticida, toxicidad

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Referencias


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